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What is the difference between permanent residency and Canadian citizenship?

Asked 2 years ago
Permanent residency and Canadian citizenship are two distinct immigration statuses within Canada's legal framework, each with its own rights and responsibilities. Permanent residency is a status granted to immigrants who have been approved to live and work in Canada indefinitely. Permanent residents hold a Permanent Resident Card, which serves as proof of their status. While they have many rights similar to citizens, such as access to healthcare and the ability to work in Canada, they do not have the right to vote or run for political office. Permanent residents must also fulfill specific residency obligations, which generally require them to live in Canada for at least 730 days within every five-year period to maintain their status. In addition, they may be required to renew their permanent resident status after it expires. On the other hand, Canadian citizenship is a status that provides a fuller array of rights and privileges. Canadian citizens have the right to vote in elections, obtain a Canadian passport, and enjoy protection under Canadian law. They are also eligible for certain government jobs that require a high-level security clearance. To become a Canadian citizen, one must meet specific requirements, including residing in Canada for a minimum number of years, demonstrating language proficiency in English or French, and passing a citizenship test on Canadian history, values, and governance. Unlike permanent residents, Canadian citizens do not need to meet any residency obligations after acquiring citizenship. In summary, while permanent residency allows individuals to live and work in Canada, Canadian citizenship provides additional rights and responsibilities, including voting and holding a Canadian passport.
Jeff Whelpley is the editor / author responsible for this content.
Answered Jul 6th 2025

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